NEPHROTIC SYNDROM. cont

Algorithm for proteinurea


 

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 Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Neoplasia
• Drugs
• gold
• antimicrobials
• NSAIDs
• penicillamine
• captopril
• tamoxifen
• lithium
• Infections
• HIV
• hepatitis B and C
• mycoplasma
• syphilis
• malaria
• schistosomiasis
• fi lariasis
• toxoplasmosis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Amyloid
• Miscellaneous

Complications of nephrotic syndrome
• Thromboembolism:
• DVT +/– pulmonary embolism;
• renal vein;
• arterial (rare).
• Infection:
• cellulitis;
• bacterial peritonitis (rare);
• bacterial infections, e.g. pneumonia;
• viral infections in the immunocompromised.
• Hyperlipidaemia;
• Malnutrition;
• Acute renal failure.